Nursing has made phenomenal achievement in the last century that has lead to the recognition of nursing as an academic discipline and a profession. A move towards theory-based practice has made contemporary nursing more meaningful and significant by shifting nursing’s focus from vocation to an organised profession. The need for knowledge-base to guide professional nursing practice had been realised in the first half of the twentieth century and many theoretical works have been contributed by nurses ever since, first with the goal of making nursing a recognised profession and later with the goal of delivering care to patients as professionals.
A theory is a group of related concepts that propose action that guide practice. A nursing theory is a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designing specific inter-relationships among concepts for the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and /or prescribing..
Based on the knowledge structure levels the theoretical works in nursing can be studied under the following headings:
-Metaparadigm (Person, Environment, Health & Nursing) – (Most abstract)
-Nursing philosophies.
-Conceptual models and Grand theories.
-Nursing theories and Middle range theories (Least abstract)
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